农村煤改气户外燃气管道螺纹连接分析

根据现行标准,低压燃气管道应采用锥/锥形式的螺纹连接。通过调研多家燃气企业,发现燃气管道的螺纹连接在实际应用中普遍存在管件选型不当、现场加工螺纹要求不明、密封填料选用不当等问题。针对管道螺纹连接进行理论分析,计算DN 50 mm镀锌钢管螺纹的理论最小机紧圈数与上紧至材料屈服的圈数。分析螺纹牙高、牙型角、螺纹锥度加工误差对螺纹密封间隙的影响,从理论上说明了螺纹连接使用填料、上紧等措施实现密封的必要性。针对存在的问题,提出了解决措施,包括丰富设计文件细节、定期检验螺纹现场加工成品误差、选用合适的螺纹密封材料、规范施工方法。     

Glass formation,thermal and mechanical properties of ZrCuAlNi bulk metallic glasses

The glass forming ability, thermal and mechanical properties of some ZrCuAlNi bulk metallic glasses were analyzed. The compositions of the alloys were theoretically determined with the dense packing and kinetic fragility index models. Cylindrical and conical ingots were produced by copper mould suction-casting under Ar atmosphere. The conical ingots were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction in order to determine the glassy structure. It was found that both alloys have a critical glassy diameter, D_c, of 3 mm. Thermal behaviours were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry at heating rates of 0.5, 0.67 and 0.83 K/s. The gamma parameter γ, supercooled liquid region ΔT_x, and reduced glass transition temperature T_rg, of the experimentally obtained glasses indicated high glass forming ability. The glassy compositions showed a fragility index of ～40 GPa. The compression test of the investigated alloys was carried out at a strain rate of 0.016 s^?1, obtaining a elastic modulus of ～83 GPa, total deformation of ～5%, yield strength of 1.6 GPa and hardness of 4 GPa. It was concluded that the use of the dense packing and kinetic fragility index models helped to predict glass-forming compositions in the family alloy investigated.     

Liquid-solid mass transfer in a rotating packed bed reactor with structured foam packing

A rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor has substantially potential for the process intensification of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. However, the scarce knowledge of the liquid–solid mass transfer in the RPB reactor is a barrier for its design and scale-up. In this work, the liquid–solid mass transfer in a RPB reactor installed with structured foam packing was experimentally studied using copper dissolution by potassium dichromate. Effects of rotational speed, liquid and gas volumetric flow rate on the liquid–solid mass transfer coefficient (k_LS) have been investigated. The correlation for predicting k_LS was proposed, and the deviation between the experimental and predicted values was within ± 12%. The liquid–solid volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k_LSa_LS) ranged from 0.04–0.14 1⁻¹, which was approximately 5 times larger than that in the packed bed reactor. This work lays the foundation for modeling of the RPB reactor packed with structured foam packing for heterogeneous catalytic reaction.     

Reducing the Singlet−Triplet Energy Gap by End-Group π−π Stacking Toward High-Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics

To improve the power conversion efficiencies for organic solar cells, it is necessary to enhance light absorption and reduce energy loss simultaneously. Both the lowest singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) excited states need to energertically approach the charge-transfer state to reduce the energy loss in exciton dissociation and by triplet recombination. Meanwhile, the S1 energy needs to be decreased to broaden light absorption. Therefore, it is imperative to reduce the singlet−triplet energy gap (ΔE_ST), particularly for the narrow-bandgap materials that determine the device T1 energy. Although maximizing intramolecular push−pull effect can drastically decrease ΔE_ST, it inevitably results in weak oscillator strength and light absorption. Herein, large oscillator strength (≈3) and a moderate ΔE_ST (0.4−0.5 eV) are found for state-of-the-art A−D−A small-molecule acceptors (ITIC, IT-4F, and Y6) owing to modest push−pull effect. Importantly, end-group π−π stacking commonly in the films can substantially decrease the S1 energy by nearly 0.1 eV, but the T1 energy is hardly changed. The obtained reduction of ΔE_ST is crucial to effectively suppress triplet recombination and acquire small exciton dissociation driving force. Thus, end-group π−π stacking is an effective way to achieve both small energy loss and efficient light absorption for high-efficiency organic photovoltaics.     

Heuristics based server consolidation with residual resource defragmentation in cloud data centers

Server Consolidation is one of the foremost concerns associated with the effective management of a Cloud Data Center as it has the potential to accomplish significant reduction in the overall cost and energy consumption. Most of the existing works on Server Consolidation have focused only on reducing the number of active physical servers (PMs) using Virtual Machine (VM) Live Migration. But, along with reducing the number of active PMs, if a consolidation approach reduces residual resource fragmentation, the residual resources can be efficiently used for new VM allocations, or VM reallocations, and some future migrations can also be reduced. None of the existing works have explicitly focused on reducing residual resource fragmentation along with reducing the number of active PMs to the best of our knowledge. We propose RFAware Server Consolidation, a heuristics based server consolidation approach which performs residual resource defragmentation along with reducing the number of active PMs in cloud data centers.     

特种高效填料用于13C分离的计算传质学研究

由于碳同位素分离系数仅为1.007，分离难度大，要获得99%¹³C的高丰度产品，需要近三千块理论级数，为有效降低工程化实施难度，需要采用特种高效填料实现¹³C的分离。为准确预测¹³C分离用低温精馏塔的传质性能，本文运用计算流体力学方法（CFD），对自主研制的高比表面高效规整填料PACK¹³C进行计算传质学分析。通过研究气液两相在两片填料片组成的精馏单元内部相互传质现象，提出了一种耦合传质效率的CFD计算方法；并实现由局部精馏单元的传质模拟计算推广到对整塔传质性能的模拟预测。结果显示，计算传质学模拟值与低温精馏分离¹³C同位素的传质实验值吻合较好，等板高度（HETP）的模拟值与实验值平均相对误差为10.15%；分离功模拟值与实验值的平均相对误差为9.1%。本研究方法可推广运用于¹³C产业化装置的传质性能预测。     

Bin packing and related problems: General arc-flow formulation with graph compression

We present an exact method, based on an arc-flow formulation with side constraints, for solving bin packing and cutting stock problems—including multi-constraint variants—by simply representing all the patterns in a very compact graph. Our method includes a graph compression algorithm that usually reduces the size of the underlying graph substantially without weakening the model.Our formulation is equivalent to Gilmore and Gomory׳s, thus providing a very strong linear relaxation. However, instead of using column-generation in an iterative process, the method constructs a graph, where paths from the source to the target node represent every valid packing pattern.The same method, without any problem-specific parameterization, was used to solve a large variety of instances from several different cutting and packing problems. In this paper, we deal with vector packing, bin packing, cutting stock, cardinality constrained bin packing, cutting stock with cutting knife limitation, bin packing with conflicts, and other problems. We report computational results obtained with many benchmark test datasets, some of them showing a large advantage of this formulation with respect to the traditional ones.     

某岩溶地区钻孔灌注桩施工处理方案探讨

钻孔灌注桩在岩溶作用严重地区施工时，给运营线铁路的正常运行安全带来很大的安全隐患。根据不同的地质情况，本文通过具体的工程实例，介绍了片石黏土填塞法和水泥注浆法在钻孔灌注桩岩溶地区施工中的运用，从两种处理方案的选择方面做详细分析并给予处理解决措施，为以后相关工程提供借鉴。